What is Insomnia?

What is Insomnia?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person feels difficulty in sleeping at night. About 30% to 50% of population is affected by insomnia while 10% people are suffering from chronic insomnia.

Classification of Insomnia On The Basis Of Duration:

It is classified into:

Short term insomnia

Chronic Insomnia

Transient insomnia

The short term insomnia condition resolves in one to three weeks while the chronic insomnia is longer than three weeks. The transient insomnia has the shortest time period as it lasts less than one week.

Causes of Insomnia:

There are a number of general causes of insomnia such as stressful condition in life, exams, excessive work load, noise, uncomfortable room temperature, any disease condition that is causing pain and with drawl of drugs or alcohol may also cause this sleeping problem.

Psychological Causes:

There are some psychological conditions that may cause insomnia, such as:

• • Depression
  • Stress
  • Mental disorder
  • Mania
  • Schizophrenia

Physiological causes:

• • • Heart diseases
    • Sleep apnea
    • Snoring
    • Acid reflux diseases
    • Chronic fatigue syndrome
    • Chronic pain syndrome
    • Night time angina

Diagnosis:

The evaluation of patients’ complete medical history and physical examination are helpful for the proper diagnosis of this sleep disorder. Sleep studies are also done by trained physician for exact diagnosis.

Treatment:

This disorder is treated by both non-pharmacologic (non-medical) and pharmacologic (medical) aspects but its recommended to firstly try these non0medical treatment methods then switch to medical treatments.

Non-medical treatment:

These are behavioral therapies that are usually used at the start of therapy. In most of the cases, the insomnia problem is overcome by it only. It includes sleep hygiene, relaxation therapy, stimulus control, and sleep restriction.

Medical treatment:

In this mode of treatment, certain drugs are used that will cause relaxation of body. It is adviced by physicians to carry on non-medical therapy along with medication therapy.

There are many groups of medicine including prescription drugs and over-the counter drugs that are helpful in this treatment such as:

• Benzodiazepine sedatives
• Nonbenzodiazepine sedatives
• Ramelteon
• Some antidepressants
• Antihistamines
• Melatonin and
• Herbal Remedies for Insomnia

Track Flight Status

Track Flight Status, (flightstats.com) – FlightStats collects information from a large number of sources (governments, airlines, airports, reservation systems, and others) and presents an intuitive display of the data we compile. Registered users can explore details collected from the data sources. For more information, see an in-depth explanation below. In summary FlightStats:

Where does FlightStats obtain its flight status information?
Complete, accurate data is the cornerstone of our business and what sets us apart from competitive solutions:
Real-time data sources include:
Batch data sources include:

Is the information accurate?
There are many factors that can affect a flight while it’s in the air. Weather, air traffic control directives, congestion on the taxi-ways and more. The arrival times we publish are estimates give the best information we can get. We update that information every few minutes. We can’t guarantee the accuracy of the information. But our estimates are rarely off by more than a few minutes.

Where does flight positional information come from?
Most flight tracking applications use a single source of data – the US Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) data feed. The ASDI data feed tracks flights primarily within United States controlled airspace and contains information for flights guided by US air traffic control.
Before taking off – pilots file a flight plan with air traffic control that contains information such as:
Once the flight departs, the FAA publishes information about the position, altitude and speed of the flight as well as estimates on arrival times. For security reasons the information published on the ASDI feed is delayed for 5 minutes. FlightStats supplements FAA data with data from other sources including airport and airline data feeds to give you both runway and gate times whenever possible.
To track European flight positions, we use a data feed compiled by AirNav Systems from a network of interconnected positional receivers that gather ADS-B global positioning system (GPS) data transmitted from planes operating in European air space.

What if I don’t know the flight number?
That’s not a problem. You can get a list of all flights arriving at a given airport by selecting the “By Airport” tab. Or you can see a list of all flights on a given route by selecting “By Route”. You can usually determine which flight you should track from the route and timing information.

What if the flight is a codeshare (marketed by one airline and operated by another)?
FlightStats can help you find the right flight to track even if it’s a codeshare. A codeshare is essentially a marketing agreement between two airlines. A flight operated by carrier A is marketed under a different flight number by carrier B. For example, Lufthansa 9355 is operated by (UA) United Airlines and is sold by United as UA 938. The only information that comes across the ASDI stream is the information for the operating carrier’s flight number (for example UA 938). Some flight tracker tools require the user to know the operating carrier’s flight number. FlightStats does the mapping so that the codeshare flight number can be used instead.

Can I see the flight’s location on a map?
Yes. All you need to know the airline and the departure or arrival cities to zero in on the precise geographic position and estimated arrival time of a flight. The new flight tracker combines the power of Google™ Maps with FlightStats up-to-the minute flight data to show you the exact location of the flight over a standard, satellite or hybrid map of North America or Europe. And our airport trackers show the current location of all flights in the vicinity of a specified airport. Please note that the location data is delayed by five minutes for the safety and security of the flight and its passengers.

Why don’t all flight trackers provide the same information?
To be useful to travellers and family members, flight trackers often have to fill in some of the gaps in the data from government sources, gate times, for example. There are other variables to consider. There is typically, but not always, a message sent to an air traffic control centre on departure. In the cases where that message is not sent, a flight tracker needs to make a best guess about the actual departure time. The same goes for arrival times. The methods that the various flight trackers use to guess vary – causing discrepancies in information provided by different flight tracker tools.

Can I track international flights?
Our coverage of global flights is the best in the industry. We track more commercial passenger flights than anyone in the world. In addition to our complete coverage of North American flights, we cover flights operating in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and just about everywhere else. Our coverage varies from continent to continent. But we are continually seeking data sources to help us fill in the gaps. Our coverage spans the globe and we show you more in-depth information than anyone.

Can I schedule alerts by email or to my mobile phone?
Yes. All you have to do is register with FlightStats and fill in your notification preferences in your profile. Once you’ve done that, you can receive notices by email or text message to a PC or mobile device. We’ll notify you if anything changes and when the flight arrives.

Is the arrival time runway time or gate time? What’s the difference?
Flight status tools are available on airlines’ websites, at airports and other websites show the flight’s published departure and arrival time, as well as the estimated or actual times. Most, but not all, flight status tools show gate times not runway times. Some tools like ours will show you both the gate times and the runway times. On arrivals, the runway time is the time the plane touches down on the runway. The arrival gate time includes the time it takes to taxi to the gate. On departures, the gate time is the time at which the plane pulls back from the gate. The runway time for departures is the time at which it takes off and includes the time it takes for the plane to make its way from the gate through the queue of planes waiting to take off.

Can I see data for all arrivals at my airport?
Yes. Click the “By Airport” tab. Type in the airport code if you know it. If not, type in the city name and select the airport code from the drop-down box. Select the date and the time period for the flights you want to see, and hit “Go”. You’ll be able to scroll through an entire list of arriving flights. If you see a flight you want to track, click on the flight number for detailed status information. For flights that haven’t yet departed or are en route, you can click on the cell phone or email icons to schedule alerts.

Can I track all flights on a particular route?
Yes. Select the “By Route” tab. Type in the airport names or codes for the departure and arrival airports, specify the date you want to use for the search, and select “Go”. You’ll see a list of all flights on that date for connecting those two airports. If you see a flight you want to track, click on the flight number for detailed status information. For flights that haven’t yet departed or are en route, you can click on the cell phone or email icons to schedule alerts.

How can I see the on-time arrival performance for a flight I’m considering for purchase?
When you view the flight status detail screen, under the arrival information, you’ll see the flight’s on-time performance percentage, its average delay, and its overall FlightStats rating (five stars is best).

Can FlightStats give me gate information for arrivals and departures?
More often than not, we can give you both the departure gate and the arrival gate for a flight. Both data points are open to change due to airport traffic conditions. So you should check back often or schedule an alert to let you know if the gate information has changed.

Fried Kool Aid

Fried Kool Aid, First it was Krispy Kreme chicken sandwich. Then fried avocado, zucchini whistle – a stuffed zucchini and fried hot dog – and, of course, fried Oreos. This summer brings another set of taste sensations: fried Kool-Aid, fried cookies the Girl Scouts of mint and fried ribs. Think of the danger zone of cholesterol with a stroke of sugar.

The creator of these delights is Charlie Boghosian, who started the job fairs when I was 14 years ago as a summer job. He approached the gates of the State Fair of San Diego and got a job in a position of roasted corn. The rest, he jokes, is history fryer. At 22 he went into business for himself, buying his own booth selling pressure chicken fried chicken. But he wanted to sell something else, so he started to create their own delicious fried desserts.

Boghosian, 42, had originally set his sights on a very different career. He graduated from college with a degree in law enforcement and had planned to enter the FBI. But at the last minute, decided to change his FBI badge potential for a deep fryer.

“I love what I do,” said the king to fry chicken all called Charlie, said the star of the State Fair of San Diego. “I do not want to change what we have today… There is no better place than the fair.”

Boghosian has invented more than 100 fried trying to sell at fairs in California. It also offers plenty of other food, charcoal and humus chicken to salads, kebabs and roast chicken. But his deep-fried food and desserts that is known.

Their season starts in San Diego State Fair every June to early July, then put a store on July 15 about a month at the Orange Country Fair. After that, the Los Angeles County Fair in September, before finishing the season in the Big Fresno Fair in October.

Boghosian of fried first creation remains her favorite ever. There’s nothing like fried Oreos, says savoring the words slowly as if savoring the same treatment.

“Do not put anything on the menu unless everyone thinks they are absolutely delicious. Not only can sound strange that have good taste.”

Over the years the master fryer has had its fair share of television and media exposure, including an appearance on The Tonight Show when Conan O’Brien was hosting it.

“I’m inspired by the things that I grew up,” he says, explaining how that comes with your ideas for unique products fried.

“I grew up eating Krispy Kreme donuts and avocados, Kool-Aid and ribs. I love cooking and I love to invent. So I took the elements I grew up with and put my touch on them – how to fry chicken Charlie. We had a great success doing it. ”

So what can you expect when you bite into a plate of fried Kool-Aid? A taste sensation, Boghosian said. It looks like a donut hole, but within the mass of red cherry Kool-Aid powder. Then covered with powdered sugar and Kool-Aid powder.

As for fried Girl Scout cookies, “which dip into the sweet dough,” said Boghosian. “We put more chocolate on them and the powdered sugar. After taking a bite, it’s amazing. Absolutely delicious.”

Boghosian is not the first fried Twinkies and other junk foods.

In fact other manufacturers in the San Diego State Fair, which attracts over 1.3 million people each season runs from June 10 to July 4, offering all kinds of unusual things, including chocolate-covered bacon batter. There are over 100 food vendors at the show.

Chicken Charlies But Boghosian and seem to have captured the zeitgeist of fried carnival and special foods.

And despite all their samples of the new and old fried products, says Boghosian, who admits that excess weight, your cholesterol levels remain good.

“My doctors are amazed.”

How To Turn Down A Job Offer

How To Turn Down A Job Offer, The decrease in labor supply may seem absurd, when the economy is struggling and unemployment rates are high. However, refusing a job offer often occurs during the job search process. If the company is right, the salary offered is unacceptable or been offered a better opportunity elsewhere, it is important to reject an offer of professional work.
Call your immediate point of contact. We appreciate the offer, but politely decline the post. Highlight the positive aspects of the company. Express how much I enjoyed the meeting of the interviews, and conclude with good wishes for continued success.

Writing a formal letter to reject the formal offer, using a polite and courteous. The letter should contain the same information conveyed in telephone conversation. Send the letter to the primary contact for the search committee or your primary contact. A letter of employment, the refusal could say: “I would like to extend my thanks for the offer of Assistant Manager in the ABC Corporation.

After careful consideration, I have to decline your generous offer of work. However, I was impressed the dynamic work environment and goals of your company. “You might want to apply for a position within the company’s future, so be kind, sincere and professional, both on the phone and in his letter.

Genes & Coffee Addiction

Genes & Coffee Addiction, Genetics may help determine the amount of caffeine he longs, new research shows, with differences of two specific genes to drive people to consume more – or less – most popular stimulant in the world.

New research suggests that people who carry a so-called “consumer” gene variation appear to be drinking more coffee, compared to those bearing a “low energy” alternative.

“It’s really an incredible story,” said co-author Dr. Neil Caporaso, Manager of genetic epidemiology at the National Cancer Institute. “People do not really suspect, but genetics play a large role in many behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. And now it turns out he has a role in the amount of caffeine we drink. ”

The two genes in question are marked CYP1A2 and AHR. The first has already been involved in the process by which caffeine is metabolized, whereas the AHR regulates the activity of CYP1A2.

“Now it has been known for decades that this particular gene CYP1A2 is what caffeine metabolism,” Caporaso said. “But thanks to new technologies, what we showed for the first time is that this gene appears to be responsible for differences in how people inherited drink coffee.”

Caporaso joined their colleagues from the Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and others to report these findings in the April issue of PLoS Genetics.

The study, funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood, noted that more than eight in American adults consume caffeine are coffee drinkers. Overall, caffeine is the psychoactive substance most popular; with percent of people worldwide eat some form of it.

The findings on the genetic basis of consumption java stem from a complex mapping of certain hereditary traits alongside models of caffeine involving more than 47,000 European Americans in five different studies.

The meta-analysis of studies that were conducted between 1984 and 2001, examined the average estimates of caffeine consumption – if possible – for the contribution of each participant of coffee, tea, coke and other sodas, and / or chocolate.

Pooling all data, Caporaso and his associates found that those who carried the genotype of the highest consumption of one or the other or the CYP1A2 gene AHR consumed an extra 40 milligrams of caffeine compared those with genotype the lowest consumption.

This, the authors noted, roughly equivalent to the amount of caffeine found in one can of soda or a third of a cup of coffee.

“The point here is that the way we drink caffeine is not just random,” said Caporaso, who, like his co-authors declared no competing interests. “It is related to the genetic hand of cards you were dealt and that means we can now dissect people in EMs and poor metabolizers: People who have just a little coffee and feel good-containing of caffeine for a day, and people who have two large Coke and then another later in the day to get the same effect. ”

“It’s also true that these observations actually go beyond caffeine, he said,” because one of the genes we identified was not put there just to metabolize caffeine. It a bunch of other things, like metabolize compounds for cancer and also a long list of medications. ”

“So now we have some clear genetic markers that we can go and test to see how they can affect many metabolic processes,” Caporaso said. “But in the meantime, people should think of caffeine as generally very safe. So enjoy yourself. In fact, go read about research while sipping a cup of coffee,” he joked.

For his part, Dr. John J. Mulvihill, a member of the American College of Genetics and professor of pediatrics at the University of Oklahoma in Oklahoma City, described the investigation of caffeine as “another building block in an image of personalized medicine “.

“Basically, it is the particular sensitivity of each individual,” he said. “We are a unique set of genes interacting with a unique environment. And it is fascinating, because caffeine is a voluntary “environment” that most of the human race is drawn. ”

“And even if the general concept of having a more or less tolerance to caffeine is not a new observation, the clinical utility of this work could possibly have to do with the fact that genes involved in metabolism Caffeine is also involved in the metabolism of other things, “said Mulvihill.

This could mean that some patients day or their doctor may raise the issue to be particularly sensitive to caffeine, he said, “because it could be an indication that perhaps there are medications that are prescribed that might also have a little, and undesirable impact on the patient. Thus, caffeine may have a good name. But it could also be an indicator for personal issues. “

Next Page »